CONTOH SOAL DIRECT AND INDRECT, DAN ADVERBIAL CLAUSE

Contoh Soal DIRECT AND INDIRECT
1.    Beckham : Did you know what Fingo said yesterday?
        Raul         : Of course. He said ____ the previous day.
                a. had gone to his country            d. he went to his country
                b. he has gone to his country        e. he goes to his country
                c. he will go to his country
    Jawaban : A ( kalau kalimat langsung/direct simple past, indirect/tdk langsung harus past perfect)

2.    Teacher : Why was Mary absent yesterday?
       Jenifer   : What did the teacher want to know, Ferdy?
       Ferdy     : he wanted to know ____
                a. if Mary was absent            d. that Mary had been absent
                b. why Mary was absent        e. why Mary had been absent
                c. why was Mary absent
    Jawaban : E (direct berbentuk Wh-question bentuk past tense jadi indirec berbentuk  past perfect)

3.    Mother   : Don’t be so noisy, Herman. The baby is sleeping.
       Herman  : Okay, mom.
       Rudy      : What did your mother just told you?
       Herman  : She told me ___ because the baby was sleeping.
                a. I wasn’t so noisy               d. I am very noisy
                b. not to be so noisy             e. to be not so noisy
                c. don’t be noisy
    Jawaban : B (direct: don’t + be maka indirect: not + to be)

4.   Doctor   : Open your mouth!
      Mother  : What did the doctor tell you?
      Son       : The doctor told me ___
                   a. that I open his mouth            d. to open my mouth
                   b. if I opened my mouth            e. opened my mouth
                   c. to open my mouth
        Jawaban : D (direct: V1 + O maka direct: to V1 + O)

5.   Mother : Do you want meatballs or fried chicken?
      Mother asked me ____
                a. whether I wanted meatball or fried shicken
                b. whether I want meatball or fried chicken
                c. that I wanted meatball or fried chicken
                d. that I want meatball or fried chicken
                e. if I want meatball or fried chicken
    Jawaban: A (direct: do/does + S +V1 maka indirect: if/whether + S + V2)

http://abudira.wordpress.com/2010/06/08/direct-dan-indirect-speech/

Adverb Clauses Exercises:

A. Combine the following sentences using adverb clauses at the end of the sentence.

1.    We watched the robins. They raised their young in our apple tree.

2.   Becky read the book. It was recommended by a friend.

3.   Dad donates his suits to charity. He has worn them a year.

4.   The policemen delayed the drivers. The wrecks were cleared.

5.   Ann ate an apple. She studied her vocabulary.

B. Combine the following sentences using adverb clauses at the beginning of the sentence.

1.    Frank started medical training. He drove a forklift for a living.

2.   The rains had started the mud slides. The homes were not safe to live in.

3.   Older people love to sit in the park. They feed the birds and visit.

4.   I enjoyed camping out. I was much younger.

5.   Joe recognised the man. The man had stopped his car to help.

C. Find the adverb clauses in these sentences. What are their meanings (time, place...)? If it is a reduced adverb clause, add the missing words.

1.    You seem very happy when you help other people.

2.   While you wait, we will detail your car.

3.   I am happier than I ever was before.

4.   That horse is more obstinate than a mule.

5.   The woman took notes while being taught to cook with broccoli.

6.   Ben fields baseballs better than he hits.

7.   As the lions approached the carcass, the cheetahs retreated once more.

8.   While eating, I choked on a bone

Suggested answers:

A.

1.    We watched the robins while they raised their young in our apple tree.

2.   Becky read the book since it was recommended by a friend.

3.   Dad donates his suits to charity after he has worn them a year.

4.   The policemen delayed the drivers until the wrecks were cleared.

5.   Ann ate an apple as she studied her vocabulary.

B.

1.    Before Frank started medical training, he drove a forklift for a living.

2.   Because the rains had started the mud slides, the homes were not safe to live in.

3.   While they feed the birds and visit, older people love to sit in the park.

4.   When I was much younger, I enjoyed camping out.

5.   After the man had stopped his car to help, Joe recognised him.

C.

1.    when you help other people (time)

2.   While you wait (time)

3.   than I ever was (happy) before (comparison)

4.   than a mule (is obstinate) (comparison)

5.   while (she was) being taught to cook with broccoli (time)

6.   than he hits (baseballs well) (comparison)

7.   As the lions approached the carcass (time)

8.   While (I was) eating (time)

http://www.carmenlu.com/fifth/grammar/adverb_clauses5_1b.html 

Adverb Clauses
1. __________ getting the highest result in the class, John still had problems with the teacher.
(A) Despite of
(B) In spite of 
(C) Even though
(D) Nonetheless
2. _______ air is composed of about 78 percent nitrogen and only about 21 percent oxygen, is a little known fact on the streets.
A. How that
B. That
C. When 
D. However
3. _______ he was seen to be an aggressive politician, he was a quiet and loving family man at home.
A. Although
B. Despite
C. In spite of
D. Nevertheless
4. _______ the variable drops by a unit of 1, the rank drops by X amount.
A. Why
B. Whenever
C. How
D. What
5. This method is widely used _______ algorithm is not only effective but also very simple.
A. because its
B. because
C. it is because D. because of its

http://finitaankgi.blogspot.com/2011/04/tugas-pilihan-ganda-bhs-inggris-2.html

DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH

DIRECT DAN INDIRECT SPEECH

Ada dua cara untuk mengungkapkan apa yang seseorang katakan yaitu: langsung (direct) dan tidak langsung (indirect/reported).
Pada kalimat langsung, kita mengulangi ucapan pembicara (speaker) sama persis. Kalimat langsung biasanya digunakan dalam percakapan di dalam buku, drama, ataupun dalam tanda kurung.
Contoh:
He said, ‘I have lost my umbrella.’
Kalimat langsung (direct) mempunyai dua bagian, yaitu: reporting sentence dan reported sentence. Reporting sentence adalah klausa yang berisi siapa yang berbicara, sedangkan reported sentence adalah klausa yang berisi apa yang dibicarakan.
Contoh:
Mike said, “I will come to your house.”
reporting reported

Sedangkan, pada kalimat tidak langsung (indirect), kita mengungkapkan maksud ucapan pembicara dengan ungkapan yang tidak sama persis.
Contoh:
He said (that) he had lost his umbrella.

PERUBAHAN KALIMAT LANGSUNG (DIRECT) MENJADI TIDAK LANGSUNG (INDIRECT)

A. Kalimat pernyataan (statement) pada kalimat tidak langsung (indirect)

            Perubahan direct menjadi indirect pada statement ditandai dengan ‘that’.
Kalimat langsung yang reporting sentence-nya memiliki verb dalam bentuk present tense (simple present, present continuous, and present perfect atau future tense) maka tidak ada perubahan tenses pada reported sentence dalam bentuk tidak langsung (indirect). Ini biasanya terjadi apabila:         
1. Melaporkan suatu percakapan yang masih berlangsung   2. Membaca surat dan melaporkan apa isi surat tersebut            3. Membaca perintah dan langsung melaporkannya pada waktu tersebut            4. Melaporkan pernyataan yang sering muncul
Contoh:
          Direct
            •  John (phoning from the station), “I’m trying to get a taxi.”
            • Siska says,” The sun rises every morning.”            Indirect
            •  John says that he is trying to get a taxi.
            • Siska says that the sun rises every morning.

Tense change

As a rule when you report something someone has said you go back a tense: (the tense on the left changes to the tense on the right):

Direct speech		Indirect speech
Present simple  She said, "It's cold."	›	Past simple  She said it was cold.
Present continuous  She said, "I'm teaching English online."	›	Past continuous  She said she was teaching English online.
Present perfect simple  She said, "I've been on the web since 1999."	›	Past perfect simple She said she had been on the web since 1999.
Present perfect continuous  She said, "I've been teaching English for seven years."	›	Past perfect continuous  She said she had been teaching English for seven years.
Past simple  She said, "I taught online yesterday."	›	Past perfect  She said she had taught online yesterday.
Past continuous  She said, "I was teaching earlier."	›	Past perfect continuous  She said she had been teaching earlier.
Past perfect  She said, "The lesson had already started when he arrived."	›	Past perfect  NO CHANGE - She said the lesson had already started when he arrived.
Past perfect continuous She said, "I'd already been teaching for five minutes."	›	Past perfect continuous  NO CHANGE - She said she'd already been teaching for five minutes.

Modal verb forms also sometimes change:

Direct speech		Indirect speech
will She said, "I'll teach English online tomorrow."	›	would She said she would teach English online tomorrow.
can She said, "I can teach English online."	›	could She said she could teach English online.
must She said, "I must have a computer to teach English online."	›	had to  She said she had to have a computer to teach English online.
shall She said, "What shall we learn today?"	›	should She asked what we should learn today.
may She said, "May I open a new browser?"	›	might She asked if she might open a new browser.

http://abudira.wordpress.com/2010/06/08/direct-dan-indirect-speech/

ADVERBIAL CLAUSES

 ADVERBIAL CLAUSE

An adverbial clause is a dependent clause that functions as an adverb. In other words, it contains a subject (explicit or implied) and a predicate, and it modifies a verb.

• I saw Joe when I went to the store. (explicit subject I)
• He sat quietly in order to appear polite. (implied subject he)

According to Sidney Greenbaum and Randolph Quirk, adverbial clauses function mainly asadjuncts or disjuncts. In these functions they are like adverbial phrases, but due to their potentiality for greater explicitness, they are more often like prepositional phrases(Greenbaum and Quirk,1990):

• We left after the speeches ended. (adverbial clause)
• We left after the end of the speeches. (adverbial prepositional phrase)

Contrast adverbial clauses with adverbial phrases, which do not contain a clause.

• I like to fly kites for fun.

Adverbial clauses modify verbs, adjectives or other adverbs. For example:

• Hardly had I reached the station when the train started to leave the platform.

The adverbial clause in this sentence is "when the train started to leave the platform" because it is a subordinate clause and because it has the trigger word (subordinate conjunction) "when".

kind of clause	common conjunctions	function	example
time clauses	when, before, after, since, while, as, as long as, until,till, etc. (conjunctions that answer the question "when?"); hardly, scarcely, no sooner, etc.	These clauses are used to say when something happens by referring to a period of time or to another event.	Her goldfish diedwhen she was young.
conditional clauses	if, unless, lest	These clauses are used to talk about a possible or counterfactual situation and its consequences.	If they lose weight during an illness, they soon regain it afterwards.
purpose clauses	in order to, so that, in order that	These clauses are used to indicate the purpose of an action.	They had to take some of his landso that they could extend the churchyard.
reason clauses	because, since, as, given	These clauses are used to indicate the reason for something.	I couldn't feel anger against himbecause I liked him too much.
result clauses	so...that	These clauses are used to indicate the result of something.	My suitcase had become so damaged on the journey home that the lid would not stay closed.
concessive clauses	although, though, while	These clauses are used to make two statements, one of which contrasts with the other or makes it seem surprising.	I used to read a lotalthough I don't get much time for books now.
place clauses	where, wherever, anywhere, everywhere, etc. (conjunctions that answer the question "where?")	These clauses are used to talk about the location or position of something.	He said he was happy where he was.
clauses of manner	as, like, the way	These clauses are used to talk about someone's behaviour or the way something is done.	I was never allowed to do things as I wanted to do them.

Pengertian, Jenis dan Contoh Adverbial Clause

A. Pengertian Adverb Clause
Adverb Clause terdiri dari dua kata yaitu “Adverb” and “Clause”
adverb adalah : kata keterangan yang menerangkan verb (kata kerja) dan adjective (kata sifat),
clause adalah : anak kalimat.
Jadi adverb clause adalah anak kalimat yang menerangkan kata sifat dan kata kerja dan berfungsi sebagai adverb.
Adverb clause adalah terdiri dari delapan macam: seperti: Adverb clause of time, Adverb clause of place, Adverb clause of number, Adverb clause of menner, adverb clause of reanson, adverb clause of result, adverb clause of condition, dan adverb clause of contrast.
B. Rumus umum dan contoh adverb clause.
Subject + predicet + conj + subject + predicet.

Tapi bisa saja conjuntion di awal sesuai dengan kalimatnya.
Contoh:
- I met her when + was walking to school.
- As he was sick, he went to she doctor.
- I can’t go out because my mother is sick.
C. Jenis-Jenis Adverb Clause
1. Adverb Clause of Reanson
Adalah : sebuah anak kalimat yang digunakan untuk menunjukkan sebab atau alasan. Adverb clause of reason di awali dengan konjungsi (penghubungnya) adalah : as/ since/ because/ whereas/ on the ground that.

Example:
- Is I love you, I can do anything for you.
- Since she has a desire to marry, she discontinued her studing.
- I stopped the work because I was tired.
- Whereas I came late, My father punishet me.
- His teacher punishet him on the grand that, he came late.


2. Adverb Clause of Result
Adalah : sebuah anak kalimat yang digunakan untuk menunjukkan hasil perbuatan atau akibat. Adverb clause of result di awali dengan konjungsi so that, so + adjective + that, so + adverb + that, so.

Example:
- Nadhavi was so beautiful that I loved her at first sight.
- He studies so hard that many studienst like him.


3. Adverb Clause of Condition
Adalah : sebuah anak kalimat yang digunakan untuk menunjukkan kondisi. Adverb clause of condition di awali dengan konjungsi if/ unless/ whether/ provided that and so long as.

Example:
- If you help me, I shall be happy.
- Unless you tell her about your love, she won’t know it
- You must do this wheter, you like it or not
- I ean help you provide that you must follow my advice
- So long as you work hard, you have no problem with me

4. Adverb Clause of Contrast

Adverb Clause of Contrast adalah sebuah anak kalimat yang menerangkan bertentangan. Adverb Clause of Contrast diawali dengan konjungsi: although, eventh ough, though, whet eyer, no matter, however much, not with standing that.
Example:
a. I still no money although I worked hard
b. Eventhough hehates me, he lend me the bock
c. Though he is rice, he never give me the money
d. Whatever he has done, he is your father
e. No mather what she sald, I still love her
f. She will never succed however much he may try
g. He was not refreshed not with standing that he had spent 2 weeks leave
sumber : http://hamikofebria.blogspot.com/2010/11/adverb-clause.html

                  wikipedia